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广州海珠国家湿地公园成功列入国际重要湿地名录******

　　2月2日，在世界湿地日中国主会场上，国家林草局公布了18处湿地列入国际重要湿地名录，广东广州海珠国家湿地公园成功入选。

　　据悉，海珠湿地列入国际重要湿地名录的原因在于其地域稀有性与代表性，是全国唯一一个地处超大城市中轴线上的国家湿地公园，是非常稀缺的城央绿色空间。广州放弃了超过万亿的商业开发价值，以共建人与自然和谐相处为目标，在城市中央打造出“入则自然，出则繁华”的宝贵财富。

　　同时，海珠湿地内还拥有极具岭南特色的垛基果林生态系统，并保留了传承千年的高畦深沟传统农业文化，这代表着岭南特有的文化遗产。正是这丰富的生物资源和良好的生态环境，使得海珠湿地为城市的可持续发展提供了必需的生态系统服务，日益成为人与自然和谐发展的典范。

　　通过十年的不断探索与实践，海珠湿地总结出一套城央湿地修复模式与技术。以鸟类栖息地构建关键技术为主线，以湿地生态学、景观生态学、动物生态学、恢复生态学等生态学理论为指导，从维护生态平衡、恢复鸟类多样性和生态功能、提高生态系统品质出发，构建适宜湿地鸟类生活、繁衍的多样化栖息地，开展鸟类栖息地构建关键技术的自主创新，并以湿地公园设计进行技术集成与推广，突破了城央湿地鸟类栖息地构建的技术瓶颈，让湿地鸟类种群不断壮大，生物多样性取得显著提升。

　　截至2023年1月，湿地率达79.4%，海珠湿地鸟类种数从72种增加到187种，是原来的2.6倍，昆虫种类从66种增加到738种，鱼类从36种增加到64种。其中，有国家一级重点保护鸟类1种，国家二级重点保护鸟类鸿雁、水雉、鸳鸯、白胸翡翠、褐翅鸦鹃、画眉等27种，IUCN红色名录中华花龟、平胸龟、中华鳖等20种。

　　自中国1992年加入《关于特别是作为水禽栖息地的国际重要湿地公约》以来，已指定国际重要湿地82处，其中，内地81处，香港1处。截至目前，广东省入选国际重要湿地扩大至6处，包括：广东汕尾市海丰湿地、湛江红树林自然保护区、惠东港口海龟自然保护区、广东南澎列岛海洋生态国家级自然保护区、广东广州海珠国家湿地公园、广东深圳福田红树林湿地。

　　(央视新闻客户端 总台记者 陈惠婷 魏垚)

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）